Location
Located in the Ramgram Municipality of Nawalparasi, Ancient Kolanagar, also known as Panditpur, was the capital of the Koliya Republic. Situated about 11 kilometers south of Sunwal Jamire on the East-West Highway and 8 kilometers north of Bhairahawa Bhumhi on the highway, it lies near significant geographical features: the Rohini River to the east, the Chure Mountain Range to the south, and the Narayani River to the west. It neighbored the ancient Maurya Empire’s Pipli, now part of modern-day India.
Historical Significance
Historically, Kolanagar held great significance as the capital of the Koliya Republic. Princess Maya Devi of the Koliya state married Prince Suddhodana of the Shakya clan, and during a journey to Kolanagar (Ramgram Devdaha, Panditpur), she gave birth to Siddhartha Gautama, who later became Buddha, in Lumbini.
Archaeological Discoveries
Archaeological excavations conducted by the Department of Archaeology have revealed important findings, identifying the Shakya state and Kapilavastu. The capital of the Shakyas, contemporaneous with the 6th century BCE, was recognized as Kapilavastu. Excavations in areas such as Ramgram and Panditpur have unearthed significant historical and cultural artifacts.
Cultural and Historical Connections
Culturally and historically, Kolanagar had close ties with the Shakya state due to marital alliances. Its importance in Buddhist history is underscored by the fact that Siddhartha Gautama, who later became Buddha, was born here.
Modern Recognition
In modern times, Kolanagar is identified as the ancient Koliya capital through extensive archaeological efforts and is acknowledged for its historical relevance in the context of both the Koliya and Shakya states. The area is also near other significant ancient sites like Lumbini, Buddha’s birthplace, and Kapilavastu, the Shakya capital, highlighting its role in the broader historical region that was crucial to the early life of Siddhartha Gautama.
